A carbanion is a nucleophile (from “nucleus” and phile), an electron-rich species that has a pair of electrons available to share with another atom. The methyl anion (CH 3 −) has a structure that is similar to NH 3 with its lone pair of electrons, but it has a much stronger tendency to share its lone pair with another atom or molecule. Functional groups are atoms or small groups of atoms (usually two to four) that exhibit a characteristic reactivity when treated with certain reagents. Because it has a strong tendency to share its lone pair with another atom or molecule, a carbanion is a nucleophile.Īdding an electron to a radical produces a carbanion, which contains a negatively charged carbon with eight valence electrons (part (c) in Figure 24.3.1). In the following equation and half-reactions the carbon atom (blue) is reduced and the magnesium (magenta) is oxidized. Reactive capture of CO2 (RCC) refers to the process integration of CO2 capture with the conversion of the captured CO2 into a product. (c) The simplest organic carbanion is CH 3 −, which has a trigonal pyramidal structure with an sp 3 hybridized carbon that has a lone pair of electrons. It is also sp 2 hybridized, but there is a single electron in the unhybridized p orbital. Electrophilic addition is a reaction between an electrophile and nucleophile, adding to double or triple bonds. (b) The methyl radical (♼H 3) is a radical that, like the carbocation, is trigonal planar and an electrophile. General Reactivity of the Carbon-Carbon Double Bond. Its structure is trigonal planar, with an sp 2 hybridized carbon and a vacant p orbital. (a) The simplest carbocation is the methyl cation (CH 3 +), which has six valence electrons and is an electrophile. \): Transient Intermediates in Organic Reactions.
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